We mentioned previously that for Ashkenazim, in accordance with the Mishna Berurah, there is no issue of coloring water or other drinks on Shabbath. The situation for Sephardim, however, is more complicated as mentioned in Ben Ish Hai, where he states that one must not pour red wine into white. (See http://www.atorahminute.com/2010-07-09 )
The question then arises as to how a Sephardi can prepare a cup of instant coffee on Shabbath in accordance with this ruling. In the famous work of Responsa, Rab Pe'alim, it says that in order to avoid coloring the water, one must place, before Shabbath, some coffee into the water that one is boiling, so that the water will be colored from 'Ereb Shabbath.
He states that on Shabbath, the water is poured into a "Finjan" (a small metal pot that coffee is prepared in, commonly found in Israel and Middle Eastern countries) which is a Keli Sheni, to which one adds the additional coffee according to one's taste. As such, even when making coffee in a cup, the cup into which the mixture of water and coffee is poured is considered a Keli Sheni and one can then add further coffee into the already colored water.
(See Rab Pe'alim 3rd Heleq, Siman 11. Kaf Hahayyim 318, Oth 65)
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