We are not certain what the Torah means by the Teru'ah sound. Some are of the opinion that it is a longer wailing sound, which is represented by our "Shebarim" or, perhaps, it is a short series of quick sobs which is represented by our "Teru'ah". The requirement is to blow "Teqi'ah, Teru'ah, Teqi'ah" three times.
Since we are not certain what the Torah means by "Teru'ah", however, we blow both "Shebarim" and Teru'ah" to fulfill the different opinions. That is why we blow "Teqi'ah, Shebarim Teru'ah, Teqi'ah", followed by "Teqi'ah, Shebarim, Teqi'ah", followed by "Teqi'ah, Teru'ah, Teqi'ah", each set three times.
According to the Rada, the reason why we blow "Shebarim" before "Teru'ah" is because when a person cries the longer wail precedes the short whimpering sobs that always follow it. It should be noted that, according to the Shulhan 'Arukh, if the order was reversed, one has still fulfilled one's obligation after the fact (Bedi'abad). According to the Sod (Qabbalah), however, they may only be blown in the correct order. This is because the Zohar states that Shebarim and Teru'ah are not blown because we are uncertain which is correct, but because both are required.
(See Sh. 'A. 590:2, 593:2. Kaf Hahayim 590, 7)
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