According to Rabbenu Hayyim Wittal, 'a"h, the custom of his master the Ari z"l was to say confession (Widdui) between the three sets of the blowing of the Shofar which are done while the congregation are seated (DeMiyosheb - it should be noted that while Sephardim sit for these blowings, Ashkenazim generally stand). He comments that the Zohar makes two apparently contradictory statements. The first appears to forbid specifying one's sins on Rosh Hashanah, while the other appears to say the opposite.
He said that the Ari z"l would confess his sins during the blowings while seated, but would do so quietly so that not even his ears would hear. He would say that the first statement of the Zohar referred only to confessing one's sins out loud, but not silently. Despite this, even though it was done quietly, he would only confess his sins during the the first sets of blowings that are done while seated, because the Satan is confused at that time and is unable to make accusations. As a result, the confession is able to ascend above, attached to the sounds of the Shofar.
The custom of Sephardim is an accordance with the Ari z"l, especially since Maran z"l does not disagree. The Mishna Berura, however, is of the opinion that one may only think the confession, as opposed to saying it quietly. This is the prevalent custom amongst Ashkenazim.
(See MM, Hilkhoth Haggim, 39:74)
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